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Glossary of forest fires
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The The following is a glossary of wildfire. Except where the terms are taken from a 1998 Fireline Handbook transcribed for 21 studies of conflict counter-terrorism website of the Air National Guard.
Independent glossaries of terms firefighting and firefighting equipment are also available.
Content: Top 09 ABCDEFGHIJ VWXYZ KLMNOPQRSTU
Canopy air: Type of fuel composed of trees having few low branches, making it less susceptible to ignition of low-intensity fires.
firefighting aerial (or air attack): The use of aircraft in support of ground resources to combat Forest fires, often more effective in the initial attack of fine fuels.
Air drop: The delivery of supplies or retardant from the air. Supplies can be dropped parachute. Retardant is dropped in one "saved" or one or more "paths", whose size is determined by the wind and the volume, speed AirTanker and altitude (usually not less than 200 feet above the drop zone.)
Air operations: the coordinating group observation based air supply, and the removal of a forest fire rescue.
Air Tactical Group Supervisor or Air Attack: Coordinates resources to attack air of a fire.
Airtanker: Aircraft certified by the FAA as being capable of transmission and distribution of 600 to 3.0000 gallons of water or other liquid or powder fire retardants. Formerly known as "borate bombers" before borate-based retardants became less desirable. Often accompanied by a guard plane.
the Anchor Point: a privileged, often an obstacle to the spread of fire from which to start building a fire line. The anchor point is used to minimize the possibility of being flanked (or overwhelmed) by the fire while the line is being built.
B
Backburner: set fire precaution downwind of the main fire of fuel compensation controlled by "Support" to the main fire, similar to depletion then occurs near the Line of Control.
Backfire: A fire along the inner edge of a fire line to consume fuel in the path of a wildfire and / or change direction or strength of the convection column fire.
Bambi Bucket: clamshell bucket to lift and move the water or other fire retardant helicopter. (Note: name was in use for many years before the trademark owner said in 1983.)
Barrier: Any obstruction to the spread of fire. Usually an area or strip devoid of combustible material.
Base: (1) staging and / or relocate the control center for fire operations, (2) the starting point a fire, (3) base camp to sleep: the place to eat, etc, staging or near the command center.
Berm: Soil piled on the bottom side of a line of fire crosses under fire, to catch rolling firebrands.
Copies of the leaf: a condition where there is still fuel lines between the fire and the main fire.
Blow-Up: sudden increase in the line of fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient to preclude direct control or to upset the plans of suppression. Often accompanied by violent convection and may have other characteristics of a firestorm.
Boise Interagency Fire Center (BIFC): First name the National Interagency Fire Center (see below), often pronounced as "Biff" see. "
Booster hose, booster pump, booster reel: small hose solids in a coil connected to a small pump mounted in a water tank in a vehicle. Booster Pump also refers to the pump in a series of relay pumping up beyond the elevation above the pump.
Brush blade: Rake attachment for cutting or ripping brush and roots of a line of fire.
Brush hook: Cutting tool used to brush clearer, a machete, usually with a heavy piece of solid curves bolted to the end of full competition use.
Brush trucks: fire truck equipped for small fires. Also called a "Type 6 engine."
Encounter: To move to another location. Can refer to anything that moves to another location in a line of fire, an entire crew moving to another fire. "Bump Back" to return to the previous location. In the bump "fire line system building, the firefighter works in a small piece of line of fire with your tool, perhaps slowly walking as the line of advance, until a completed portion of the line is. Then the call to "go!" is heard, and everyone ahead of the caller skips ahead one or more positions, leaving unfinished the line of fire for coming back. This is known as the method or raise LeapFrog method.
burning rate: relative measure of the difficulty of fire control, doubling the index means twice the effort may be needed to control the fire (eg, wind shift, heavier fuel load, etc.).
burn: Configuration fire inside a control line of fuel between the edge of the fire and the line of control.
combustion period: The share of each period 24 hours, when fires spread more quickly, usually from 10.00 am to sunset.
Wildland Fire: A forest fire is a forest fire that occurs in forests, thickets, forests or grasslands of Australia or New Zealand.
C
Sailing: A standing tree with a broken lid, which often continues to burn after of the main firefront happened. Candles often send one source of sparks and embers can travel a certain distance and be of concern that nearly one unburnt side control line.
closed area: An area in which specific activities or entry are temporarily restricted to reduce the risk of fires caused by humans.
Closure: Legal restriction, but not necessarily elimination, of specific activities such as smoking, camping, or entry that might cause fire in a given area.
Cold end: A method of controlling a fire in part dead edge by carefully inspecting and feeling with the hot hand for any fire, and the backing any edge of life. This method is the only way to fly in the Great Basin.
Complex: Two or more individual incidents located in the same area general assigned to the incident commander or unified command.
Confine a fire: The strategy of suppression of forest fires so you can expect aggressive to keep the fire within established fire lines built under the prevailing conditions.
Contain the fire: a fire suppression strategy moderately aggressive to expect to keep the fire within established fire lines built under the prevailing conditions.
The line Control: An inclusive term for all constructed or natural barriers and treated (retardant) fire edges used for controlling a fire.
Controlled burning: See Burns (Rx burn).
Coyote tactics: imposing a progressive construction line that primarily affects the big fish and bridges to build lines fire until the end of the operation and then bed down wherever they end up sleeping just as they started the turn, no sleeping bag. "Coyoteing" should not be confused with "peaks" where a warm sleeping bags, buckets are the prizes of the day. Coyoteing is a very useful tool, but very uncomfortable. For the privilege of personal coyoteing offset their sleep (in general).
Creeping fire Fire burning with a slow fire and develops slowly.
Crown of Fire: A fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. Crown fires are sometimes classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from the surface fire.
Corona out: see "torch"
D
Dead Man Zone: unburned areas on the edges of fire bushes.
DEMOBASE: Demobilization or crew of a work be removed from a fire.
Direct Attack: Any treatment applied directly to burning fuel, such as moisturizers, suffocation or chemically extinguish the fire or by physically separating the burning of unburned fuel.
Dozer Line: Fireline built by the front blade of a bulldozer or crawler with a front blade used for exposing mineral soil. Also, "Catlin."
Editors: using a suction pump to lift water from below the pump using a suction hose semi-rigid, usually to fill a portable container that has other suction pumps (for pass) or siphon hoses running downhill to their nozzles.
Drip Torch: hand-carried device fires starting full of flammable liquid that is poured through a burning wick, dropping flaming liquid-fuel to be burned.
Duff: Layer decaying forest litter consisting of organics such as needles, leaves, plants and tree materials covering the mineral soil. Duff may burn for days after of a fire. Latent extinction Duff is the key to the success mopup operations.
E
Motor: Any ground vehicle providing specified levels of pumping, water and hose capacity but with less than the specified level of personnel.
Engine Crew: A number of trained and supervised to respond to incidents with a motor. Usually much smaller than a handheld.
fire escape: An arson fire on a crew, usually in grassland environment, to escape a dangerous situation.
Escaped Fire: A fire that has exceeded or is expected to exceed initial attack capabilities or of prescription.
Extended attack: A condition in which a fire can not be controlled by initial attack resources within a reasonable period of time. Additional resources within 24 hours after commencing suppression action usually control the fire.
F
Fire behavior: The manner in which a fire reacts to influences of fuel, weather and topography.
Fire camp: temporary camp set up in major fires to provide food, rest, and other needs the fire department.
Fire cycle:
Risk of fire:
Fire ecology:
Fire edge: The boundary of a fire at a given time.
To combat Foam Fire: The wireless solution created by forcing air in or entrained air in water containing a foam concentrate by means of projected computer or cascaded air at high speed. Foam reduces combustion by cooling, moistening and excluding oxygen.
Fire lookout: A structure located at a point of view high to house and protect the person performing the functions of a fire lookout.
Fire Lookout: A person who keeps an eye out for fire starts and conditions possible. They can work in a fire lookout tower or performance of duty as a role for a team of fire in the firing line.
Fire Rake: A rake sharp teeth instead of blades, rake firewall.
Fire retardant: Any substance (except plain water) than by chemical or physical action reduces flammability of fuels or slows down combustion. See retardant slurry, AFFF, foam, and as examples.
Fire risk:
fire shelter: A shop aluminum that provides protection by reflecting radiant heat and provide a breathing air volume in a fire entrapment situation. Made as a tool for safety Fire shelters should only be used in life threatening situations as a last resort, such as burns or severe asphyxia often result.
shirt fire: distinctive yellow shirts made of Nomex or other lightweight materials of low combustibility, used as PPE uniform forest fire fighters, and more recently available in other colors (Red, khaki, blue, etc).
Fire trail: Australian term firer, road built specifically for access to "fire management purposes."
time fire weather conditions that affect vulnerability to fire, fire behavior and suppression.
fire whirl: a tornado-like vortex formed by stretching of vorticity due to the interaction of air that flows up and in a fire.
Back to fire Range:
Fireline handbook: A small little red book carried by U.S. fire on the front lines as a quick reference on various topics from fire.
Fireline: The part of a control line that is scraped or dug to mineral soil. Also called fire trail. More generally, the work of a fire is called being "in the line of fire. It can also refer to a "wet-line, where the water has been used to create a border burn fine fuels as the grass.
Firestorm: the extreme behavior of fires set by large air currents and a high column of smoke and flames, where added fire intensity air increases, the growth of the creation of wildfires.
Firewall: A natural or constructed barrier used to stop or control the fires that may occur, or to provide a control line from which to work.
The flanks of a fire: Parts of a perimeter of the spread of fire that grow on the sides then run roughly parallel to the main direction of propagation. severed heads are extremely dangerous flank in steep terrain.
Flare-up: Any acceleration sudden rate of spread or intensification of the fire. Unlike an explosion, an attack is a relatively short duration and not radically change plans control.
Flash fuels: fuels such as grass, leaves, covered with pine needles, ferns, moss trees and some types of bar, which turns easily and are consumed rapidly when dry.
the fuel load the mass of combustible materials available for a fire usually expressed as weight of fuel per unit area (eg 20 tonnes per hectare).
Fuel Moisture: Percentage of water content of vegetation, an important factor in the speed of spread, ranging from the death of a fine fuel and fuel moisture (FFM) of 10 percent or less, to live-fuel moisture (LFM), 60 percent or more. Mission can be estimated by weighing calibrated wood sticks.
Fuel: An association ID of the fuel elements of distinctive species, shape, size, disposition, or other features that make a predictable rate of spread or resistance to control under specified weather conditions.
Fuelbreaks: A natural or artificial change in fuel characteristics which affects fire behavior so that fires burning within them can be more easily controlled.
G
Ground fire: Fire that consumes the organic matter under the lower surface litter, such as peat fires.
H
Hand Crews: A number of individuals who have organized and trained and are supervised principally for operational tasks in an incident, usually using hand tools. In the United States, a team of handrail is 20 in total, including supervisors.
Risk Reduction: controlled and managed carefully fire in cold and / or wetter weather to reduce the fuel load available. Sometimes incorrectly called a backburner.
Head of a Fire: The fastest spread of the fire perimeter, usually to the leeward or up slope, can have multiple heads if not separate accompanying fires.
Heavy fuels: Fuels of large diameter woody debris, large limb wood, that ignite and are consumed more slowly than flash fuels.
Helispot: A natural or artificial takeoff and landing area for helicopters for the temporary or occasional use, often in remote areas without access to others.
Helitack: A team of firefighters trained to use helicopters for initial attack, and to support large fires by bucket drops and movement of personnel, equipment and supplies. Another function is mainly helitack support bridge and recovery.
Hot spot: A particularly active part of a fire.
Hotshot crew: Firefighters trained intensively used primarily in hand line construction, organized mainly in long-distance travel from fire to fire, according to needed instead of serving only a geographic location.
I
Incident Command System (ICS): the first system developed to provide a structure management control of large fires in the United States, which are used by many emergency management agencies.
Indian pump: glass of water carried back, either a can or a rigid collapsible bag with a hose and telescopic jet pump. Contains 5 gal U.S., and is used in hot places and during cleaning. Also bag is called the bladder (if folded), urine from the pump, or Fedco. Uncertain utility in active crown fires.
indirect attack: A method of removing that control line is a considerable distance from the active border fire. In general, done in the case of a rapid spread of fires or high intensity and use natural disaster or constructed firebreaks and fuel breaks favorable breaks in topography. The fuel is usually counterproductive to intervene, but occasionally the main fire is allowed to burn to the line, depending on conditions.
Infrared (IR) Detector: A heat detection system used for fire detection, mapping, and identification of hotspots.
Initial attack: The actions taken by the first resources to arrive at a fire to protect lives and property and prevent the spread fire. Usually performed by trained and experienced teams and takes place immediately after size-up.
Zone interface: Upon termination forest fire-fighting urban fires meets. Structures at the edges of wilderness areas are threatened and require skills and equipment of both disciplines.
Into the black: Moving from outside the front of the fire into the burned area, sometimes the safest place to be in a crisis, ie behind the fire, if possible through the flames.
K
Beat Down: To reduce fire or heat in the more vigorously burning fire edge, usually by the cooling of land, water or retardant others.
L
Ladder fuels: Flammable vegetation that helps to ground fire movement in the canopy.
LCES: firefighter safety mnemonic for lookouts, communications, evacuation routes, safety zones.
level of performance: The aircraft Pilot tests carried out on the target area to check wind, smoke conditions, topography and lead air tankers to targets and monitor the drops.
Let's burn policy: an administrative decision to postpone the fire, perhaps due to considerations of wilderness and forests long shelf.
Light em ', combating them: derogatory term for forestry crew with a reputation for turning its prescribed fire without care.
Line of fire: burn-related activity along the line of fire with drip torches, rifles or other flammable materials.
Garbage (Forest litter): Size of the accumulation of leaves and twigs.
Register or log bar waste: Tops, stumps, mill ends, members stop the logging operations. It may be beneficial to soil stability, but dry and create strong fueling hazards.
Longline: provision of helicopters to reduce the external loads (or elimination of charges) in areas that are not available for the landing, through a long cable suspended from a hard spot in the belly of the aircraft.
Viewpoints: (1) security person in a position to control the location and behavior of fire, ready to signal an team to escape, (2) Fire lookout tower or fire, often in mountain tops to see the surroundings and watching for signs of fire, (3) warning of fire, the person working in the fire lookout tower, (4) The "L" of "LCES" safety mnemonic, you see above.
M
McLeod: hand tool used in the construction of fire lines, which consists of a combination rake and hoe.
Mop-up: extinction or removal of material fuel near the control lines, felling of problems, logs and ditches to prevent the dump after an area has burned, to make a strong fire, or reduce residual smoke.
Mutual Aid: Assistance with interjurisdictional emergency services agreement beforehand.
N
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): The fire and the organization of safety standards, issues various rules-oriented clothing related fires, tactics, equipment, etc.
National Hose (NH) National Standard Thread (NST) design of threaded couplings used on fire hose in various diameters; incompatible with many types of hose thread forest fires, thus requiring adapters.
National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) Coordination Facility in Boise, Idaho, operated by several U.S. agencies to provide logistics, weather and resource coordination for wildfire suppression across the U.S. (Formerly BIFC).
Nomex: Brand of approved, fire retardant, synthetic, aramid cloth and thread used in personal protective equipment for fire forest fires, and monkeys.
National Wildfire Coordinating Group: Coordinating Agency based in Washington, DC that sets national standards for fire training and publishes training manuals.
O
fuel than an hour: Vegetation with large surface area ratio and mass, the so-called "Fine fuel" (along with 10-hour) that quickly reaches critical (inflammable) moisture levels (fine fuel moisture FFM) when exposed heat, compared with 100 hours or 1000 hour fuels (ie live fuel moisture, LFM), which have much more heat to ignite.
Overheads: Personnel assigned to supervisory positions, including Incident Commander, Command Staff, General Staff, Branch Directors, Supervisors, Unit Leaders, Managers and staff. Can also be organized according to qualifications and experience, as "Type I Overhead" of equipment, etc.
P
Palmer Index severity of drought (PDI): Technique for measuring the impact of soil moisture changes in vegetation, as a marker of risk of fire and fire behavior.
Parallel attack: fire containment method where the crew of the construction of a line of fire at some distance from the edge of the fire (eg 100 yards) and then burn the fuel in the buffer as the line of fire has been completed.
Perennial grasses, a very volatile fuel, after cured, May, June, July, which can lead to large and rapid fire that can reach more fuel.
The point of origin: an element of fire behavior, indicating that the fire began, the analysis of support where the fire is going or, specific evidence of origin is often obscured or destroyed by the tactics repression.
Prescribed burning: the deliberately lit fire to forests or grassland management, often to remove the accumulation of combustible heavy or simulate natural cycles of fire in an ecosystem. Also called "controlled burning" even if it becomes uncontrollable.
Progressive hose Lay: A method of deploying hoses along the line of fire during the crackdown and as they are built and reinforced, typically using a 1/2-inch supply lines, "Y" closed and 1-inch lateral lines with nozzles (or at least tap valves) every 100 feet or less. As the progess line, more hoses and valves are added.
Project Fire: Any large fire requiring extensive management and establishment temporary infrastructure to support firefighting efforts, such as fields of fire.
Pulaski: combination ax and hoe tool handle straight, used for the construction of hand. Also known as "P-tool"
R
Rapell: Crew of specialized firefighters are able to access a fire zone, sliding on ropes suspended from a hovering helicopter. It is also used to provide first aid for desert a rappelling is an EMT.
Reburn: (1) Repeat burning of an area over which a fire has passed, but left fuel that lights up when later combustion conditions are more favorable, (2) An area that has returned to burn.
Red Card: credentials issued to qualified forest fire, listing their skills and specialties.
Red Flag Day: State of the time creating a fire hazard criticism, may require the closure of the forest for activities non-emergency to minimize the risk of forest fire accidents.
S
S-130/S-190: The forest-based fire training course given to all U.S. firefighters before they can work on the fire lines.
Safety zone: an area cleared of flammable materials used for escape in the event overflowed line or in the case of ground fire causes fuels outside the control line to the line of insurance. In firing operations, crews progress in order to maintain a safety zone close at hand allowing the fuels inside the control line to be consumed before going ahead. Security zones can also be built as part of fuel breaks, but are greatly enlarged areas which can be used with relative safety by firefighters and their equipment in case of explosion in the vicinity.
Sawyer: chainsaw crew may also include eller aller or who is qualified to cut trees or snags, perhaps while the tree or hook is burning.
Secondary Line: Any line of fire built at a distance from the fire perimeter concurrently with or after a line already constructed on or near the perimeter of the fire. Generally constructed as an insurance measure in case the control of the fire exit by the main line.
SEAT: Individual Airtanker Engine - processed agricultural small aircraft for use on fires, especially during the attack phase initial.
Size results: An initial assessment of the fires, including (inter alia) the fuel load, fire weather, topography, behavior of fire hazards and risks of property value. Quickly detects additional resources and sets operational priorities.
Skidder unit: pre-configured tank, pump, hose for connection to a log skidder (large 4-wheel tractor with a dozer motor, winch or handle) to be taken to a firing line.
Slash: Debris resulting from natural phenomena such as wind, fire, snow breakage, or human activities such as road construction, logging, pruning, thinning or brush cutting. It includes logs, chips, bark, branches, trunks, broken trees and plants or brush. See also bar registration.
Sling load: Net charge containing supplies or equipment supplied under a helicopter longline.
Slopover: fire spreading beyond the limits of a line control.
Slug: derogatory term for Humorous thought he was doing less work than you. "Heli-bullet" for helislack, "slug" Field staff of the camp fire support, "engine slug" for members of the crew of the engine, etc. If you are not a Hotshot or you are more smokejumper likely a slug.
Slurry bomber: View Airtanker.
Smokechaser: Colloquial term for a forest firefighter. Now all archaic, except in Minnesota where the Department of Natural Resources firefighters are officially known by that name.
Smokejumper: A firefighter trained and certified specifically traveling to distant forest fires by fixed-wing aircraft and parachute jumping in a field - which can include trees - near the fire.
Heat Recovery: A fire burning without flame and diffusion barely.
Snag: A standing tree ends that can be dangerous.
Spike field: distance field usually near a line of fire, and without the support logistics a larger field of fire would.
Spotting: Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and fires that start new (fire location) beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire. A waterfall of fire ground can cause an explosion.
strike team: Specified combinations of the same kind and type of resources, communications, and a leader.
Suppression: All the work of extinguishing a fire and closure after its discovery.
Deletion of the crew (also "Soup Crew"): two or more firefighters stationed at a strategic location for initial action on fires. Tariffs are essentially the same as those of individual firefighters, often organized into crews of 20 people, including supervisors, for logistics and simplified operations.
Surface fire: Fire that burns loose debris on the surface, including dead branches, wood vent, leaves and underbrush, in contrast to crown fire.
T
Task Force: Any combination or single resources assembled for a tactical necessity particular, with common communications and a leader. A working group can be pre-established and sent to an incident, or formed in an incident.
jump from the tree: A Smokejumper times in the tree canopy, if compensation is not available or appropriate.
Torch: Do not be confused with the coronation, is when a single group or small groups of trees "torch" or flames. Torch and the group set fire to more of a nuisance as the fire crown has a high pucker factor.
Give return: An enlarged part of a fire break used to turn vehicles around, also used as a safe area during entrapment.
Type I Engine: A fire engine designed primarily for fighting fires in structures accessible from the road.
Engine Type II: A fire truck designed to carry and pump water for use in firefighting. Also known as an offer "or" Water for competition. "
Engine Type III: A fire truck designed primarily to combat forest fires. These engines are often able to traverse more rugged terrain of the types I and II engines.
U
Understory burns: a controlled burn of fuels below the forest canopy, intended to remove fuels from fires in the next-o potential.
urban interface: the interface area where man-made structures inter-mingle with wildlands, creating a risk of structural involvement in an incident forest fires and forest fires involving structure fires, each of which requires different equipment, training and tactics.
W
Add to situations out: A list of 18 situations for firefighters to be aware that signal potential hazards in the firing line, originated from the analysis of generations of similar incidents.
Water for competition: Any ground vehicle capable of transporting specified quantities of water.
Wet line: Timeline control with water or other liquid fire retardant to prevent low-intensity fire spread in surface fuel or knock down a fire more intense.
Widowmaker: Any branch or treetop is wrong or is no longer attached to a tree, but still tangled costs general does not discriminate among the possible victims of sex or marital status.
Forest Fires: An unplanned, unwanted forest fires, including unauthorized human-caused fires, escaped forest fire use events, escaped prescribed fire projects and all other forest fires, where the goal is to extinguish the fire.
Forest: An area in which development is essentially nonexistent, except for roads, railways, power lines, transportation facilities and the like. Structures, if any, are widely dispersed.
Wildland Fire Use fires (WFU fires) are naturally burst are controlled forest burning managed for achieving specific objectives previously defined resource management.
Exceptional: Tree knocked down or broken by the wind, the increase of fuel load and difficult to build fire line. It is also sometimes called purging.
See also
Playlist basic fire
EV
Fire fighting
Staff
Fire Fire Fire Department Chief Master Firefighter Assist and Search Team Handcrews Police Fire Smokejumper Hotshots Helitack official volunteer fire station
Facilities
Fire Camp Fire lookout tower Fire College
Team
Glossary of firefighting equipment Bunker gear apparatus Escape Fire retardant chair fire chief vehicle fire a fire extinguisher hose hydrants firehouse flame flame fire hard suction hose switch heat detector list Nomex flame retardants Pass SCBA Rescue Pumper siren detectors Super Splash Smoke scooper thermal camera suit
Terminology
Glossary of Terms Glossary of firefighting wildfires aerial firefighting Dead Man's Zone Project class fire Fire Safety Fire triangle Fireman's carry Firewall Flash broken into gaseous fire extinguishing fires Master flow stop, drop and roll structure fire in two, with two outs Wetdown Ventilation Fire Fire Forest removal
Miscellaneous
Fire history of firefighting in the world red engine fire Incident Command System International Association of Firefighters International Fire List 'Day of the list of historic fires films Fire Suppression London Fire Brigade Museum, National Fire Incident Reporting System National Fire Protection Association St. Florian World Police and Fire Games
References
^ Glossary of firefighting terms of a website Air National Guard
^ Use of fire from a Web site service U.S. Forest
Categories: Wildland fire suppression | Glossaries About the Author
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